Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Despite the arousal effect of median nerve stimulation (MNS) being well documented in the clinical treatment of coma patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the mechanisms underlying the observed effect are still not completely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects and potential mechanism of MNS in comatose rats with TBI. ⋯ These data show that MNS exerts its wake-promoting effect by activating the OX1R-RasGRF1 pathway in TBI-induced comatose rats.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) carries prognostic importance after traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially when computed tomography (CT) fails to fully explain the level of unconsciousness. However, in critically ill patients, the risk of deterioration during transfer needs to be balanced against the benefit of detecting prognostically relevant information on MRI. We therefore aimed to assess if day of injury serum protein biomarkers could identify critically ill TBI patients in whom the risks of transfer are compensated by the likelihood of detecting management-altering neuroimaging findings. ⋯ Serum protein biomarkers show potential to safely reduce the number of transfers to MRI in critically ill patients with moderate-severe TBI at no added cost.
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The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review for understanding the availability and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that could automatically identify and quantify computed tomography (CT) findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ We identified several important TBI-related CT findings that can be automatically identified and quantified with AI. A combination of these techniques may provide useful tools to enhance reproducibility of TBI identification and quantification by supporting radiologists and clinicians in their TBI assessments and reducing subjective human factors.