Articles: hyperalgesia.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause neuropathic pain (NeP), often reducing a patient's quality of life. We recently reported that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) could attenuate NeP in several SCI patients. However, the mechanism of action underlying G-CSF-mediated attenuation of SCI-NeP remains to be elucidated. ⋯ Immunohistochemistry for CD11b (clone OX-42) revealed that the number of OX-42-positive activated microglia was significantly smaller in the G-CSF group than that in the vehicle rats. Western blot analysis indicated that phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and interleukin-1β expression in spinal cord lumbar enlargement were attenuated in the G-CSF-treated rats compared with that in the vehicle-treated rats. The present results demonstrate a therapeutic effect of G-CSF treatment for SCI-induced NeP, possibly through the inhibition of microglial activation and the suppression of p38MAPK phosphorylation and the upregulation of interleukin-1β.
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is increased in patients with headache, neuropathic pain, periodontal and temporomandibular disease. This study and others have utilized TNF receptor 1/2 (TNFR1/2) knockout (KO) animals to investigate the effect of TNFα dysregulation in generation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The present study determined the impact of TNFα dysregulation in a trigeminal inflammatory compression (TIC) nerve injury model comparing wild-type (WT) and TNFR1/2 KO mice. ⋯ The results suggest the dysregulated serum cytokine proteome profile and bilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus microglial activation are contributory to the bilateral mechanical hypersensitization in this chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain model in the mice with TNFα dysregulation. Data support involvement of both neurogenic and humoral influences in chronic neuropathic pain.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2015
The Local and Systemic Actions of Duloxetine in Allodynia and Hyperalgesia Using a Rat Skin Incision Pain Model.
Duloxetine is an antidepressant effective for major depressive disorder and also the alleviation of pain for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, chronic musculoskeletal pain, and fibromyalgia. How duloxetine works in pain relief remains unknown. In this study, we address whether duloxetine could act as an analgesic via systemic and local applications. ⋯ Our results demonstrate that duloxetine can act as a local anesthetic and an analgesic drug via both local and systemic applications. Because duloxetine inhibits neuronal Na currents with high potency, it may exert its antihyperalgesic effects through inhibition of the spontaneous nerve impulses that result from peripheral injury, encompassing its actions on multiple central nervous system and peripheral targets.
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Quantitative sensory testing is widely used in human research to investigate the state of the peripheral and central nervous system contributions in pain processing. It is a valuable tool to help identify central sensitization and may be important in the treatment of low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in local and segmental hypersensitivity and endogenous pain inhibition in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain. ⋯ During CPM, people with chronic low back pain have significantly lower PPT than controls in lumbar region [118.6 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 77.9-159.2 kPa]. Women had significantly lower PPTs than men in both lumbar region [101.7 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 37.9-165.7 kPa] and over the TA [189.7 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 14.2-145.2 kPa]. There was no significant difference in PPTs in men between healthy controls and those with low back pain, suggesting the significant differences are mediated primarily by difference between women.
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To investigate the differences in pressure sensitivity in the cervical musculature including the upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, suboccipital, levator scapulae, and anterior scalene muscles between women with migraine and healthy controls. ⋯ This study showed generalized pressure pain hypersensitivity in the cervical musculature in women with migraine. Our findings provide support for the physical therapy treatment and evaluation of musculoskeletal cervical spine disorders in individuals with migraine and reinforce that all cervical muscles should be evaluated.