Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · May 2023
Relationship between polyvictimization and overweight among adolescents from São Paulo city, Brazil.
This study is to identify victimization patterns and analyze the association between the experience of polyvictimization and overweight or obesity among adolescent girls and boys. The sample consisted of 2680 Brazilian ninth-graders enrolled in public and private schools, taken from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO). Victimization was explored in two ways: (i) as per Finkelhor and (ii) by latent class analysis (LCA). ⋯ Only the class of high polyvictimization was associated with being overweight (ORadj: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.01-2.54) in girls. In this study, polyvictimization was associated with being overweight only among adolescent girls. Longitudinal studies in different contexts and populations are needed to understand this relationship.
-
Preventive medicine · May 2023
Purpose in life and physical health in older U.S. military veterans: Cross-sectional results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.
General population studies suggest purpose in life (PIL) is associated with a number of positive outcomes, including better mental and physical health. At present, however, scarce research has examined how PIL relates to these outcomes in veterans. The goal of this study was to determine the current prevalence of different levels of PIL and their associations with reported physical health in a nationally representative sample of predominantly older U. ⋯ Low PIL was associated with lower overall self-reported health and physical and cognitive functioning, as well as higher bodily pain, somatic symptoms, and physical role limitations (Cohen's d = 0.06-0.77). Low PIL was also associated with elevated rates of several physical health conditions, including sleep disorders, as well as obesity and disability with activities of daily living (i.e., ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (i.e., IADLs). These results suggest low PIL is associated with physical health difficulties, and underscore the importance of assessing and monitoring PIL, and evaluating whether interventions to promote PIL may help improve physical health and vice versa.
-
Preventive medicine · May 2023
Risk prediction for advanced neoplasia using longitudinal adherence measures to fecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening programs.
Patterns of longitudinal adherence may predict advanced neoplasia (AN) detection in subsequent rounds of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, after more than five rounds, it is important to obtain a simplified measure. The aim was to determine the best simplified measure of longitudinal adherence to predict AN detection in CRC screening. ⋯ The simplified measure 'frequency+adherence previous invitation' is the best measure to reflect patterns of longitudinal adherence and could be used to emphasize to individuals the importance of CRC screening.
-
Preventive medicine · May 2023
Cannabis legalization and childhood asthma in the United States: An ecologic analysis.
Cannabis use is increasing among adults with children in the home particularly in states with cannabis legalization for medical (MCL) and/or recreational use (RCL), relative to states where cannabis use remains illegal at the state level. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a key risk factor for asthma among children. The objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between MCL and RCL and the state-level prevalence of asthma among children in the United States (US). ⋯ Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, overall reductions in asthma over time were generally greater in states in which cannabis use is fully illegal or with recent MCL adoption, but the rate of decline did not differ statistically by RCL/MCL status. Relative to 2011-2012 and to states where cannabis is fully illegal, the prevalence of asthma increased in states with RCL among youth 12-17 years old (2018-2019 DID = 2.56, p = .028) and among youth in some NH minoritized race/ethnicity groups (2016-2017 DID = 3.88, p = .013 and 2018-2019 DID = 4.45, p = .004). More research is needed to estimate the potential consequences of increased adult use of cannabis in the community for children's respiratory health.
-
Preventive medicine · May 2023
Counseling Women of reproductive age about emergency preparedness - Provider attitudes and practices.
We report healthcare provider attitudes and practices on emergency preparedness counseling for women of reproductive age (WRA), including pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women (PPLW), for disasters and weather emergencies. DocStyles is a web-based panel survey of primary healthcare providers in the United States. During March 17-May 17, 2021, obstetricians-gynecologists, family practitioners, internists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants were asked about the importance of emergency preparedness counseling, level of confidence, frequency, barriers to providing counseling, and preferred resources to support counseling among WRA and PPLW. ⋯ Most respondents (79%) stated they would use emergency preparedness educational materials for WRA, and 60% said they were willing to take an emergency preparedness training. Healthcare providers have opportunities to provide emergency preparedness counseling; however, many have not, noting lack of time and knowledge as barriers. Emergency preparedness resources combined with training may improve healthcare provider confidence and increase delivery of emergency preparedness counseling.