Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
Association between racial discrimination and delayed or forgone care amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Racial discrimination has intensified in the U. S. during the COVID-19 pandemic, but how it disrupted healthcare is largely unknown. This study investigates the association of racial discrimination with delaying or forgoing care during the pandemic based on data from a nationally representative survey, the Health, Ethnicity and Pandemic (HEAP) study (n = 2552) conducted in October 2020 with Asians, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks oversampled. ⋯ Coronavirus racial bias was significantly associated with delaying/forgoing care among East/Southeast Asians (AOR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.16-2.07). The three domains of racial discrimination were consistently associated with delayed or forgone health care among East/Southeast Asians during the COVID-19 pandemic; some of the associations were also seen among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. These results demonstrate that addressing racism is important for reducing disparities in healthcare delivery during the pandemic and beyond.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
Review Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of incentives to improve the reach of health promotion programs- a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The reach (i.e., enrollment, engagement, and retention) of health promotion evidence-based programs (EBPs) at the participant level has been challenging. Incentives based on behavioral economics may be used to improve EBP reach. We aimed to systematically review and synthesize the evidence of the effectiveness of incentives as a dissemination strategy to increase EBP reach. ⋯ Specifically, incentive strategies were associated with higher odds of program enrollment (odds ratio [OR], 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-4.24; n = 10) and retention (OR, 2.54, 95% CI, 1.34-4.85; n = 9) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 94% and 91%, respectively). Incentives are a promising individual-level dissemination strategy to improve the reach of health promotion EBPs. However, understanding the optimal amount, type, frequency, and target of incentives, and how incentives fit in a multicomponent approach in different contexts requires further research.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
ReviewWearable technology for early detection of COVID-19: A systematic scoping review.
Wearable technology is an emerging method for the early detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This scoping review explored the types, mechanisms, and accuracy of wearable technology for the early detection of COVID-19. This review was conducted according to the five-step framework of Arksey and O'Malley. ⋯ Based on deviations in physiological characteristics, anomaly detection models that can detect COVID-19 infection early were built using artificial intelligence or statistical analysis techniques. Reported area-under-the-curve values ranged from 75% to 94.4%, and sensitivity and specificity values ranged from 36.5% to 100% and 73% to 95.3%, respectively. Further research is necessary to validate the effectiveness and clinical dependability of wearable technology before healthcare policymakers can mandate its use for remote surveillance.