Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Effects of family history of alcohol problems on alcohol consumption: Stronger for medically underserved men.
Family history (FH), informed by genetics and family environment, can be used by practitioners for risk prediction. This study compares the associations of FH with alcohol outcomes for medically underserved (MUS) men and women with the associations for non-underserved individuals to assess the utility of FH as a screening tool for this high-priority group. Data were from 29,993 adult lifetime drinkers in the Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2004-2005) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. ⋯ AUD models showed a significant positive association with FH-SCORE (p < .001) but no association with MUS status and no significant interaction effects. In this sample of lifetime drinkers, FH was associated with higher alcohol consumption, especially for MUS men. These results encourage additional validation of FH scores to prioritize MUS adults at high risk for alcohol problems to receive preventive interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Socioeconomic differences in metabolic syndrome development among males and females, and the mediating role of health literacy and self-management skills.
Our aim was to investigate sex differences in the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development, and to what extent these associations are mediated by health literacy and self-management skills. ⋯ Socioeconomic differences in MetS development differ between males and females. Both for males and females, health literacy and self-management skills mediated a small proportion of socioeconomic differences in MetS development.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Violence perpetration prevalence among Colorado (United States) high school students across gender, racial/ethnic, and sexual identities.
Adolescent violence, including sexual violence, homophobic name-calling, and teen dating violence, are public health problems that cause harm to many adolescents in the United States. Although research on the perpetration of these forms of adolescent violence has increased in recent years, little is known about perpetration rates across gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. To address this gap, the current study descriptively examined perpetration rates between and across different identities, including self-identified race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and gender identity. ⋯ Differences in perpetration rates were also observed among various racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender minority students compared to non-minority students. This emphasizes a need for more research on how minority stress that results from the dynamics of intersecting identities and societal systems of power-including racism, sexism, homophobia, and transphobia-contributes to violence perpetration. Evidence-based violence prevention approaches, particularly strategies targeted at changing social norms about violence, gender, and sexuality, need to be tailored and evaluated for students with diverse cultural and social identities to ensure safe school climates for all students.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Does artistic activity help kids avoid obesity? Emergent considerations in the ecology of childhood BMI.
Although the positive relationship between arts engagement and mental health is well documented, arts participation may be an emergent factor in the ecology of childhood obesity. Prior research hypothesized several potential health benefits of arts participation including healthy diet and lifestyles, but the available evidence is mainly limited to cross-sectional covariate-adjustment models for the adult population. We employed a newly released panel of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K: 2011), which is a nationally representative sample of American children who entered kindergarten in 2010-2011 (n = 15,820). ⋯ Arts participation at kindergarten also had a significant relationship with cumulative changes in BMI over the course of elementary schooling, especially for female and White female children (about 22% and 32% of a SD of BMI). There are considerable arts participation gaps between families and regions, and these early artistic experiences appear to affect the risk of being overweight. This suggests the possibility of a larger social reproduction process via an ecological pathway that might be easily overlooked-the accumulation of arts experience and concurrent health inequalities in childhood.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Longitudinal associations between flavored tobacco use and tobacco product cessation in a national sample of adults.
Use of flavored tobacco has been associated with lower likelihood of short-term abstinence from tobacco. It is unknown whether longer-term associations exist, particularly for a variety of products and specific flavor categories. This study used adult survey data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013-2018). ⋯ Exploratory moderation results indicated that the association between e-cigarette flavor use and lower likelihood of cessation was stronger for young adults (18-24) versus older adults (25+). Current use of flavored tobacco products is associated with lower likelihood of product cessation. Flavored tobacco products warrant consideration in regulatory policy to reduce the adverse public health impact of tobacco use.