Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Exploring associations between social determinants of health and mental health outcomes in families from socioeconomically and racially and ethnically diverse households.
This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and mental health outcomes of parents and children (n = 1307) from the Latinx, Native American, Somali/Ethiopian, White, Hmong, and African American communities. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted associations between five parent and child mental health measures and 25 measures of SDOH. False discovery rate q-values were computed to account for multiple comparisons. ⋯ Other SDOH that were adversely associated with parent or child mental health included lack of social support, recent stressful life events, and adverse childhood experiences among parents. SDOH in the social and community context were most likely to be associated with mental health problems. Community-engaged evidence-based interventions are needed to improve population mental health.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Observational StudyCharacteristics of statewide prescription drug monitoring programs and potentially inappropriate opioid prescribing to patients with non-cancer chronic pain: A machine learning application.
Unnecessary/unsafe opioid prescribing has become a major public health concern in the U. S. Statewide prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) with varying characteristics have been implemented to improve safe prescribing practice. ⋯ The results show that among 1,886,146 NCCP opioid-related claims, 22.8% had an opioid dosage ≥50 MME/day and 8.9% ≥90 MME/day, 70.3% had days supply ≥7 days, and 10.3% were when benzodiazepine was filled ≤7 days ago. GBM had superior model performance. We identified the most salient PDMP characteristics that predict opioid-related PIPs (e.g., broader access to patient prescription history, monitoring Schedule IV controlled substances), which could be informative to the states considering the redesign of PDMPs.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Health locus of control and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and other cause mortality: A population-based prospective cohort study in southern Sweden.
The aim was to investigate associations between health locus of control (HLC) and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and other cause mortality. A public health postal questionnaire was distributed in the autumn of 2008 to a stratified random sample of the 18-80 year old adult population in Scania in southernmost Sweden. The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,517 participants were included in the present study. ⋯ In the models with women and men combined, external HLC had significantly higher all-cause, CVD, cancer and other cause mortality even after adjustments for sociodemographic factors and chronic disease at baseline, but after the introduction of health-related behaviors, external HLC only displayed higher cancer mortality compared to internal HLC. External HLC displayed higher all-cause, cancer and other cause mortality for men in the final model adjusted for health-related behaviors, but not for women. Other pathways than health-related behaviors may exist for the association between external HLC and cancer mortality, particularly among men.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Clinical TrialOlder adults who smoke: Do they engage with and benefit from web-based smoking cessation interventions?
Quitting smoking at any age increases life expectancy, but older adults face barriers to receiving cessation services. Despite the promise of web-based smoking cessation interventions to help address access barriers, whether older adults who participate in smoking cessation programs engage with and benefit from these tools at the same rate as younger adults remains unknown. In this secondary analysis, we compared engagement and satisfaction with two web-based smoking cessation interventions and quit rates between older, middle-aged, and young adults in the United States enrolled in the WebQuit trial between March 2014 and August 2015. ⋯ Older and middle-aged adults quit smoking at a similar rate as younger adults (24%, 24%, 27%, respectively, p = 0.905). Older and middle-aged adults who participated in a web-delivered smoking cessation intervention engaged more with the intervention than their younger counterparts and they quit smoking at a similar rate, thereby demonstrating high acceptability and potential of digital interventions to help older adults quit smoking. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT1166334.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2022
Socioeconomic differences in metabolic syndrome development among males and females, and the mediating role of health literacy and self-management skills.
Our aim was to investigate sex differences in the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development, and to what extent these associations are mediated by health literacy and self-management skills. ⋯ Socioeconomic differences in MetS development differ between males and females. Both for males and females, health literacy and self-management skills mediated a small proportion of socioeconomic differences in MetS development.