Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2024
Modifiable risk factors mediating the impact of educational inequality on heart failure: A Mendelian randomization study.
Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global disease burden with high mortality rates. We aimed to utilize mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the association between educational attainment (EA) and HF, and to evaluate the contribution of modifiable risk factors as mediators. ⋯ Higher EA has a protective effect against the risk of HF, and potential mechanisms may include regulation of BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Further research is needed to understand whether interventions targeting these factors could influence the association between EA and HF risk.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2024
Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men.
Low loss aversion (LA) and high delay discounting (DD) are behavioral-economic decision-making biases that independently predict cigarette smoking and other risky substance use. Here we examine (1) whether low-LA and high-DD co-occur, (2) does co-occurrence increase the odds of current smoking and other substance use compared to only low-LA, high-DD, or neither; and (3) potential gender differences in these associations. ⋯ Low-LA and high-DD cluster in women and men such that exhibiting one of these decision-making biases doubles the odds of exhibiting the other. These results demonstrate reliable clustering of low-LA and high-DD and a striking increase in risk for substance use relative to having only one or neither decision-making bias.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2024
The cross-sectional association between dietary total, animal, and plant-based protein intake and the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in Dutch adults with type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort.
This study aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations of total, animal, and plant-based protein intake and depressive symptoms in Dutch adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). ⋯ In individuals with T2D, higher total protein intake was associated with reduced severity of depressive symptoms, but not with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Further prospective research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these associations.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Predicting oral and esophageal cancers by one model in a Chinese prospective cohort study.
Oral and esophageal cancers are both upper gastrointestinal cancers that share a number of risk factors. However, most previous risk prediction models only focused on one of these two types of cancer. There is no single model that could predict both cancers simultaneously. Our objective was to develop a model specifically tailored for oral and esophageal cancers. ⋯ This study identified the twelve most significant common risk factors for oral and esophageal cancers and developed a single prediction model that performs well for both types of cancer.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Pulmonary function, genetic predisposition, and the risk of cirrhosis: A prospective cohort study.
Pulmonary function is associated with the development of chronic liver disease. However, evidence of the association between pulmonary function and cirrhosis risk is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of pulmonary function with the development of cirrhosis, and to explore whether genetic predisposition to cirrhosis could modify these associations. ⋯ Our findings indicate that worse pulmonary function is a significant risk factor of cirrhosis, irrespective of genetic predisposition. Early identification and appropriate intervention for pulmonary function may lead to more effective healthcare resource utilization and reduce the burden associated with cirrhosis.