Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Meta AnalysisE-cigarette use and adverse respiratory symptoms among adolescents and Young adults in the United States.
E-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults has been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms, including symptoms of asthma and bronchitis. This investigation examined whether such associations differ by primary type of e-cigarette device used. This cross-sectional study included data from four study populations in California and Connecticut, United States, ages 13-21 years (N = 10,483), who self-reported their tobacco use behaviors and health status from 2018 to 2020. ⋯ Among past 30-day e-cigarette users, associations with respiratory symptoms did not differ by device type. In these populations, e-cigarette use was positively associated with symptoms of bronchitis and shortness of breath, but adjusted odds of symptoms did not differ meaningfully by device type. These findings suggest that risk of these respiratory outcomes is elevated among more frequent e-cigarette users regardless of device type used.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
ReviewA systematic review of the intervention characteristics, and behavior change theory and techniques used in mother-daughter interventions targeting physical activity.
Growing gender disparities in levels of physical inactivity put women and female youths at a greater risk of associated health problems. Mother-daughter interventions have been proposed as means to promote physical activity in this at-risk cohort. However, there is a lack of clarity as to if and why these types of interventions might be effective. ⋯ Thirty-seven behavior change techniques were identified across studies. Some techniques were deemed potentially effective including credible source, information on the health consequences of the behavior and the self-regulatory techniques of goal-setting, self-monitoring and problem-solving. Future research should consider the use of the TIDieR guidelines and BCT Taxonomy v1 to improve the quality of information for intervention development, implementation, and reporting phases.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
ReviewA mixed-methods systematic review identifying, describing, and examining the effects of school-based care coordination programs in the US on all reported outcomes.
Children learn best when they are healthy. Therefore, access to school-based health and providing family support for social needs play an essential role in shaping a child's ability to succeed academically. The purpose of this mixed-methods review, which considers studies with all methods, is to describe and examine the effect of US school-based care coordination programs on all the outcomes reported. ⋯ They also enhanced asthma knowledge and management, immunization adherence, follow-up care for vision and hearing, mental health, and school attendance. Nevertheless, challenges included staff shortages, unmet family needs, privacy laws regarding student data, and lack of resources (i.e., medications). This review highlights the need to expand school-based care coordination programs in the US and conduct robust program evaluations to assess their effectiveness.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
ReviewPromoting nutrition equity for individuals with physical challenges: A systematic review of barriers and facilitators to healthy eating.
Impaired mobility is the most common form of functional disability in the US, affecting one out of every sixteen working-age adults. Little is known about the barriers to and facilitators of healthy eating among people with impaired mobility (PWIM), who are at increased risk for diet-related chronic disease. The pathways by which impaired mobility influence dietary intake are unclear, yet likely involve a complex interplay between structural determinants of health and individual factors. ⋯ This systematic review is an important first step for informing the design of evidence-based strategies to support healthy eating among PWIM. However, it also reveals a wide chasm in the needed information to adequately bridge structural determinants of this nutrition divide. More studies are needed that include rigorous measures of dietary intake and that aim to elicit how social, environmental, and policy-level factors contribute to dietary disparities among PWIM.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
HCV testing: Order and completion rates among baby boomers obtaining care from seven health systems in Florida, 2015-2017.
Many U. S. residents infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are baby boomers (born 1945-1965), who remain undiagnosed. Past CDC and USPSTF guidelines recommended one-time HCV testing for all baby boomers, with newer guidelines recommending universal screening for all adults. ⋯ Tests ordered (11.42, 10.94-11.92) and completed (2.25, 1.94-2.60) were more likely among those with hepatitis history. Test orders were more likely for HIV-positive patients (3.68, 3.45-3.93), but completion was less likely (0.67, 0.57-0.78). Interventions are needed to increase testing rates so that HCV infections are treated early, mitigating HCV-related morbidity and mortality, especially related to liver cancer.