Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Patterns and drivers of disparities in pediatric asthma outcomes among medicaid-enrolled children living in subsidized housing in NYC.
There are persistent disparities in pediatric asthma morbidity in the U.S. We linked claims data with information on neighborhood-level risk factors to explore drivers of asthma disparities among Medicaid-enrolled children in New York City subsidized housing. ⋯ We found high asthma burden among children living in subsidized housing. Modifiable place-based characteristics may be important contributors to pediatric asthma disparities.
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Understanding the clinical and demographic profile of patients on gabapentinoids can highlight areas of prescribing disparities, inform clinical practice, and guide future research to optimize effectiveness and safety of gabapentinoids for pain management. We used a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries to examine trends, patterns, and patient-level predictors of gabapentinoid use among long-term opioid users. ⋯ Variation of gabapentinoid use by socio-demographics and insurance status indicates opportunities to improve pain management and a need for shared therapeutic decision making informed by discussion between pain patients and providers regarding safety and effectiveness of pain therapies. Our findings underscore the need for future research into the comparative effectiveness and safety of gabapentinoids for non-cancer chronic pain in various subpopulations.
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The scale-up of evidence-based interventions is necessary to reverse high rates of obesity. However, scale-up doesn't occur frequently nor in a timely manner. While it has been estimated that takes 14-17 years for research translation to occur, the time taken to scale-up prevention interventions is largely unknown. This study examined the time taken to scale-up obesity prevention interventions across four scale-up pathways. ⋯ Our findings indicate that the scale-up of obesity prevention interventions can occur more quickly than previous estimates of 14-17 years. Our findings support previous research that scale-up of interventions occurs through a variety of pathways and often scale-up occurs in absence of prior evidence of effectiveness.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Examining U.S. disparities in smoking among rural versus urban women of reproductive age: 2002-2019.
This study is part of a programmatic investigation of rural disparities in cigarette smoking examining disparities in smoking prevalence and for the first-time quit ratios among adult women of reproductive age (18-44 years), a highly vulnerable population due to risk for multigenerational adverse effects. ⋯ These results support a longstanding and robust rural disparity in smoking prevalence among women of reproductive age including those currently pregnant and provides novel evidence that differences in smoking cessation contribute to this disparity further underscoring a need for greater access to evidence-based tobacco control and regulatory interventions in rural regions.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
The association between Afghan Women's autonomy and experience of domestic violence, moderated by education status.
This study examines the association between Afghan women's autonomy (WA) and experience of domestic violence (physical, sexual, and emotional) in the previous 12 months, and whether this association is moderated by education status. We used data from 19,098 married women aged 15-49, who completed the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey- the first and only national survey administered in the country. WA was measured across 5 domains (healthcare, visiting family, household purchases, spending, and contraceptive use). ⋯ Lastly, WA in spending and not using contraception was associated with reduced odds of emotional violence. We also found a greater protective effect of WA in visiting family among women with any education across each domestic violence outcome. These findings provide insights into areas for intervention to address gender inequalities (Sustainable Development Goal 3) and mitigate adverse health outcomes for mothers and their children (Goal 5).