Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
ReviewPatient barriers and facilitators of colonoscopy use: A rapid systematic review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature.
Colonoscopy is the gold standard test in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Despite this, many people across the world decline the procedure when invited for screening, surveillance or diagnostic evaluation. The aim of this review was to characterise the barriers and facilitators of colonoscopy use described in the qualitative literature. ⋯ Key practical factors included cost, and whether colonoscopy was covered by the patient's healthcare insurance. Studies mostly focussed on screening colonoscopy in the USA, where there is no universal healthcare coverage. To better understand the barriers and facilitators in other contexts, further research is needed.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialA lay health worker intervention to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among Latinas in El Paso, Texas: A randomized control trial.
We examined the effectiveness of a lay health worker (promotora)-delivered intervention on increasing breast and cervical cancer screening among low-income, primarily uninsured Latinas living in El Paso, Texas. ⋯ A promotora-delivered behavioral intervention, embedded in a community-based organization, increased mammography uptake in all women and Pap uptake among women 50 years and older in a sample of low-income Latinas. NCT04397744.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Tobacco product use and susceptibility to use among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.
Sexual identity is associated with tobacco use in adults. We examined tobacco use and susceptibility to use by sexual identity in adolescents. Data were collected in February 2019 via Qualtrics research participant panels. ⋯ The current findings indicate greater susceptibility to use e-cigarettes and greater tobacco product initiation, but not continuation, among sexual minority adolescents. Sexual minority-tailored interventions may be warranted to prevent tobacco product initiation. Worth exploring are the associations between sexual identity, tobacco marketing exposure, and friend(s)' e-cigarette use.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Association between physical activity and subjective memory decline triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the PAMPA cohort.
Implementation of social distancing reduced the incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. Nevertheless, this strategy has other undesirable effects such as physical inactivity and psychological distress, which are associated with cognitive impairment. We aimed to examine whether physical activity during social distancing restrictions could reduce the risk of subjective memory decline in adults. ⋯ Participants were less likely to experience subjective memory decline if they either became (PR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36, 0.89) or remained (PR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.93) physically active compared to inactive respondents. Physical activity participation during social distancing reduced the likelihood of subjective memory decline in adults. Physical activity should be highlighted as a potential alternative to reduce the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive function and mental health.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Negative emotions and cancer fatalism are independently associated with uptake of Faecal Immunochemical Test-based colorectal cancer screening: Results from a population-based study.
Although systematic colorectal cancer screening is efficacious, many programmes suffer from low uptake. Few behavioural or attitudinal factors have been identified as being associated with participation in colorectal cancer screening. We explored knowledge, beliefs about cancer, subjective health literacy, emotional attitudes to screening, and social influences among individuals invited to a population-based screening programme. ⋯ Negative cancer-related and screening-related beliefs and emotions are associated with non-participation in FIT (-based screening). Research is warranted to explore if these negative beliefs and emotions are modifiable and, if so, whether this would improve screening uptake. The association between the influence of a partner and screening participation present a challenge around improving uptake among those not in co-habiting relationships.