Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2024
Association between autoimmune liver diseases and chronic hepatitis B: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study in European population.
Observational studies have indicated a link between autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) through observational studies. The association between AILD and CHB remains indeterminate. ⋯ Our study elucidates a causal relationship between PSC and a diminished risk of CHB.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
ReviewA systematic review of culturally adapted physical activity interventions for culturally and linguistically diverse children and adolescents.
Limited evidence shows culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children and adolescents are less active, compared to the general population. It is unclear, how physical activity interventions have been adapted for CALD children and adolescents to enhance engagement. This study aimed to review culturally adapted physical activity interventions targeting CALD children and adolescents. ⋯ A small number of studies found significant changes to increase physical activity levels. We found there is a lack of consistent evidence indicating that incorporating surface and/or deep structure adaptations result in significant changes in physical activity. Future research should focus on establishing higher quality methodology when developing culturally adapted interventions for CALD populations.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
ReviewA narrative review of global and national physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines development processes - The GUidelines Standards (GUS) project.
Clinical and public health guidelines serve to direct clinical practice and policy, based on the best available evidence. The World Health Organization (WHO) and national health bodies of many countries have released physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. Despite significant overlap in the body of evidence reviewed, the guidelines differ across jurisdictions. This study aimed to review the processes used to develop global and national physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines and examine the extent to which they conform with a recommended methodological standard for the development of guidelines. ⋯ Reaching agreement on acceptable guideline development processes, as well as the inclusion and appraisal procedures of different types of evidence, would help to strengthen and align future guidelines.