Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
Health guidance intervention mitigates the escalation of predicted comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk: Interrupted time series design.
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Despite the Japanese healthcare system's efforts in early detection and intervention, particularly through Specific Health Checkup and Guidance programs, research on their effectiveness is limited. This study evaluated the impact of Specific Health Guidance on the predicted risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in working-age Japanese individuals. ⋯ The intensive level Specific Health Guidance appeared to reduce the increasing trend in ASCVD risk, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive risk assessment in evaluating health interventions. However, the results are limited owing to the specific demographics and short evaluation period. Further research is necessary to understand the long-term impacts and broader applicability.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
Review Meta AnalysisProspective associations between systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and physical activity behaviour and the development of cardiovascular disease.
To systematically appraise and summarise meta-analyses of longitudinal studies to determine the effect size, and quality and certainty of the evidence summaries for systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum cholesterol, and physical activity behaviour in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). ⋯ There were strong associations with CVD risk at the meta-analysis level for all three exposures, with a proportionally greater number of meta-analyses and primary studies for physical activity than SBP or serum cholesterol. Given the number of meta-analyses and similar CVD risk reductions and certainty of evidence associated with physical activity behaviour, there is a strong case for its routine assessment alongside SBP and serum cholesterol in primary CVD prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in Stockholm County - evidence from time series models of smartphone measured daily steps data spanning over 3 years.
It has been reported that physical activity levels decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies often relied on self-reported physical activity, which has low accuracy. Studies based on objectively measured physical activity have had short data collection periods, thereby not allowing the consideration of pre-pandemic levels of physical activity or the influence over the different waves of the pandemic. ⋯ This study reveal that the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic was temporary and that younger age and the possibility of working from home were associated with a decreasing trend in physical activity.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
Review Meta AnalysisBenefits and harms of structured outdoor physical activity for people with somatic or mental diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
To examine the benefits and harms of structured outdoor physical activity (PA) for people living with one or more somatic or mental diseases. ⋯ Structured outdoor PA may improve HRQOL and physical function, as well as mental health outcomes. The very low certainty of evidence calls for high quality RCTs to determine benefits and harms of structured outdoor PA.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2024
Review Meta AnalysisThe optimal exercise intervention for sleep quality in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The impact of various exercise modalities on the improvement of sleep quality in adults remains controversial. ⋯ The review was registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42023434565.