Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2016
Differential association of cardiorespiratory fitness and central adiposity among US adolescents and adults: A quantile regression approach.
Previous studies assessing the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and waist circumference (WC) have often restricted their evaluation to the association of CRF on average WC. Consequently, the assessment of important variations in the relationship of CRF across the WC distribution was precluded. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the association between CRF and the distribution of WC using quantile regression. ⋯ For both populations, an increasing trend in the magnitude of the association of high CRF across the WC percentiles was observed. CRF appears to have a differential relationship across the WC distribution with the largest reductions in WC were found among high-fit individuals with the greatest amount of central adiposity (WC≥90th percentile). Additionally, this differential association highlights the significant limitations of statistical techniques used in previous analyses which focused on the center of the distribution.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2016
Individual and contextual determinants of perceived peer smoking prevalence among adolescents in six European cities.
Young people perceiving a high peer smoking prevalence are more likely to initiate smoking. It is unclear which factors contribute to perceived peer smoking prevalence and if these factors vary according to education. This study aimed to assess the determinants of perceived smoking prevalence and assessed its variation at school and country-level. ⋯ Across educational levels, perceptions of peer smoking are strongly determined by both individual characteristics and school and national contexts. Future studies should assess why perceived smoking prevalence varies between schools and countries and identify modifiable factors.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2016
2015 Legislative update of e-cigarette youth access and exposure laws.
As of November 15, 2013, 22 states had passed laws explicitly addressing youth access to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes); by 2014, this increased to 41 states. Also in 2014, more than 13.4% of youth in the U.S. reported using e-cigarettes, making e-cigarette use more prevalent than conventional cigarette use (9.2%). ⋯ While states are closing the gap of youth nicotine exposure, there remains a need to protect youth from e-cigarettes access, which can cause adverse health effects of brain development, lung function and potentially lead to addiction. Recommendation for the FDA to regulate e-cigarettes federally would close this regulation gap and protect youth across the U.S.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2016
Genetically predicted 17beta-estradiol, cognitive function and depressive symptoms in women: A Mendelian randomization in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.
The role of estrogen in cognitive function and depressive symptoms is controversial due to discrepancies between results from randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies. Mendelian randomization analysis may provide further insights concerning the role of estrogen in these outcomes as it assesses the effect of lifelong endogenous exposure but is less vulnerable to confounding than observational studies. ⋯ These results were largely consistent with evidence from RCTs and did not show any beneficial effect of estrogen on cognitive function and depressive symptoms. However, larger Mendelian randomization analyses are needed to identify any minor effects.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2016
Effect of number of human papillomavirus vaccine doses on guideline adherent cervical cytology screening among 19-26year old females.
Little is known about how the number of HPV vaccine doses affect adherence to screening guidelines. This study compared adherence to cervical cancer screening by the number of HPV vaccine doses received by young women and assessed whether the specialty of vaccinating providers affected behavior. ⋯ Women who received 1 or 2 doses of the HPV vaccine were less likely than those who received 3 doses to be screened for cervical cancer 3years following vaccine initiation. Pediatricians and primary care physicians should convey the importance of initiating and continuing screening to HPV vaccinated patients.