Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Developmental trajectories of physical activity during elementary school physical education.
Physical education (PE) during school provides an opportunity for children to be physically active. Few empirical studies have investigated developmental trajectories and determinants of objective moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during PE classes. The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trajectories and determinants of MVPA during PE lessons in young children (8-12years of age) in primary schools. ⋯ The percentage of PE time spent in MVPA did not reach recommendations made by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and decreased from 8 to 12years old both for boys and girls. Perceived competence appears crucial to reduce MVPA decline for boys, but not for girls.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2016
Association between television viewing time and risk of incident stroke in a general population: Results from the REGARDS study.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between TV/video viewing, as a measure of sedentary behavior, and risk of incident stroke in a large prospective cohort of men and women. ⋯ These results suggest that while TV/video viewing is associated with increased stroke risk, the effect of TV/video viewing on stroke risk may be explained through other risk factors.
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Preventive medicine · May 2016
Review Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in elementary school physical education lessons.
To examine elementary school students' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels during physical education (PE) lessons. ⋯ MVPA levels during elementary school PE lessons do not meet the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and the United Kingdom's Association of Physical Education recommendation (50% of lesson time), but is higher than estimated in the previous review (34.2%). Interventions to increase MVPA in PE lessons are needed.
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Preventive medicine · May 2016
ReviewPark characteristics, use, and physical activity: A review of studies using SOPARC (System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities).
The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) can obtain information on park users and their physical activity using momentary time sampling. We conducted a literature review of studies using the SOPARC tool to describe the observational methods of each study, and to extract public park use overall and by demographics and physical activity levels. We searched PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus for full-length observational studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals through 2014. ⋯ There was a wide range of park users (mean 1.0 to 152.6 people/park/observation period), with typically more males than females visiting parks and older adults less than other age groups. Park user physical activity levels varied greatly across studies, with youths generally more active than adults and younger children more active than adolescents. SOPARC was adapted to numerous settings and these review results can be used to improve future studies using the tool, demonstrate ways to compare park data, and inform park promotions and programming.
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Preventive medicine · May 2016
Comparative effectiveness of two outreach strategies for cervical cancer screening.
Test-specific reminder letters can improve cancer screening adherence. Little is known about the effectiveness of a reminder system that targets the whole person by including multiple screening recommendations per letter. ⋯ In conclusion, for women regularly adherent to screening, an annual birthday letter containing reminders for multiple preventive services was less effective at promoting cervical cancer screening compared with a Pap-specific letter.