Preventive medicine
-
Youth smoking is complex with multilevel influences. While much is known about certain levels of influence on youth smoking, the lack of focus on institutional influences is notable. This study evaluated the effects of ambient smoking attitudes and behaviors in schools on individual youth smoking. ⋯ These findings suggest the importance of ambient smoking attitudes and behaviors on youth smoking. Prevention efforts affecting ambient smoking attitudes may be beneficial.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Participation in muscle-strengthening activities as an alternative method for the prevention of multimorbidity.
Participating in muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) has been shown to reduce the risks associated with many individual chronic diseases; however, the impact of MSA on multimorbidity remains unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between MSA and multimorbidity. ⋯ Independent of accelerometry-assessed physical activity, the participation in MSA may reduce the odds of being multimorbid, with evidence of a dose-response relationship.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Dose-response association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with cardiovascular biomarkers and all-cause mortality: Considerations by individual sports, exercise and recreational physical activities.
Previous research demonstrates that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk. Our understanding of whether individual physical activities are associated with all-cause mortality is less understood. ⋯ Engaging in MVPA even below the minimum recommendation was associated with survival benefits, and the greatest survival effects occurred at a dose of approximately 5 times the minimum recommendation. Although very high levels (e.g., 10 times the minimum recommendation) of self-reported MVPA did not demonstrate the greatest survival effects, high levels of physical activity did not appear to have harmful effects.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Variations in mortality from legal intervention in the United States-1999 to 2013.
In the United States (US) between 279 and 507 people were killed yearly by legal intervention/ law enforcement other than by legal execution (1999-2013). ⋯ Community-based programs, with collaboration from policy makers and community members, may reduce these potentially avoidable premature deaths from legal intervention by targeting high risk sub-populations.