Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Lifecourse socioeconomic position and 16 year body mass index trajectories: differences by race and sex.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between lifecourse socioeconomic position (SEP) and changes in body mass index (BMI), and assess disparities in these associations across racial/ethnic groups. ⋯ Our study demonstrates that lifecourse SEP may influence adult BMI differently within different racial and sex groups.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Smoking during pregnancy was up to 70% more common in the most deprived municipalities - a multilevel analysis of all singleton births during 2005-2010 in Finland.
We investigated whether there was an association between maternal smoking habits during pregnancy and municipality level deprivation defined based on education, income and unemployment after adjustment for individual level covariates, including socioeconomic status (SES), in Finland, a Nordic welfare state. ⋯ Individual SES is the strongest correlate of smoking during pregnancy but conditional on individual variables; lower municipality aggregate education is associated with up to 70% higher smoking prevalence.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Use of tobacco retail permitting to reduce youth access and exposure to tobacco in Santa Clara County, California.
To target youth smoking, the impact of a local tobacco retail permit was evaluated on the number and location of tobacco retailers, and on the level of enforcement and compliance with tobacco sales regulations from 2010 to 2012 within unincorporated Santa Clara County, California. ⋯ An immediate reduction in the number of stores selling tobacco occurred following implementation of tobacco retail permitting. Post-implementation, all retailers who underwent compliance checks were in compliance with laws prohibiting sales of tobacco to minors. Compliance with laws governing the sale of tobacco has potential to reduce access and use of tobacco products by youth.
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The feasibility of a tobacco endgame strategy, aiming to bring smoking prevalence to near-zero levels, is currently under debate. We provide information on public support for such a strategy in Europe. ⋯ Approximately one in three adults (and one in four smokers) supports a comprehensive tobacco endgame intervention. This first study in Europe provides a baseline for evaluating future trends in public support for extreme propositions to end or drastically cut smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Active commuting and perceptions of the route environment: a longitudinal analysis.
To assess associations between changes in perceptions of the environment en route to work and changes in active commuting. ⋯ Interventions to improve the safety of routes and convenience of public transport may help promote active commuting and should be evaluated.