Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Comparative StudyIllicit substance use among university students from seven European countries: a comparison of personal and perceived peer use and attitudes towards illicit substance use.
To compare European students' personal use and approval of illicit substance use with their perceptions of peer behaviours and attitudes, and investigate whether perceptions of peer norms are associated with personal use of illicit substances and attitudes. ⋯ Students commonly perceived that their peers used illicit subtances more often than themselves. We found an association between the perceived peer norms/attitudes and reported individual behaviour/attitudes.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Distinct associations of different sedentary behaviors with health-related attributes among older adults.
Leisure-time sedentary behaviors (LTSBs) have been associated adversely with health outcomes. However, limited research has focused on different categories of LTSB. We aimed at identifying categories of LTSBs and examining their separate associations with indices of health among Japanese older adults. ⋯ Two types of sedentary time-passive and mentally-active-may play different roles in older adults' well-being.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Calorie-labelling in catering outlets: acceptability and impacts on food sales.
Obesity is the biggest challenge facing preventive medicine. Calorie-labelling has been suggested as a way of changing the architecture of an 'obesogenic' environment without limiting consumer choice. This study examined the effect of calorie-labelling on sales of food items at catering outlets on a city-centre university campus. ⋯ This study provides evidence, beyond that from single-meal exposures, for the acceptability of meal calorie-labelling and its potential as an effective low-cost anti-obesity measure.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyNon-compliance with the initial screening exam visit in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.
Identify predictors of non-compliance with first round screening exams in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. ⋯ Many factors modestly influenced compliance. Consent process was the strongest predictor of compliance.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Comparative StudyUsing electronic health record data to evaluate preventive service utilization among uninsured safety net patients.
This study compared the preventive service utilization of uninsured patients receiving care at Oregon community health centers (CHCs) in 2008 through 2011 with that of continuously insured patients at the same CHCs in the same period, using electronic health record (EHR) data. ⋯ Lack of insurance is a barrier to preventive service utilization, even in patients who can access care at a CHC. Policymakers in the United States should continue to address this significant prevention disparity.