Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Distress about social problems and tobacco and cannabis use outcomes among young adults in Los Angeles County.
To examine associations of concern, worry, and stress about discrimination, shootings/violence, and police brutality and exclusive and dual tobacco and cannabis use among young adults. ⋯ Young adult concern, worry, and/or stress about social problems may increase risk of cannabis use with or without concurrent tobacco use 6-12 months later.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Which parents provide zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents? A survey of Australian parents' practices and intentions.
Zero-alcohol beverages (<0.5% alcohol by volume) appear and taste similar to alcoholic beverages but are regulated similarly to soft drinks in many countries, blurring the distinction between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. How parents view provision of zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents is likely a key determinant of adolescent consumption. We investigated factors associated with parents' provision of zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents, including attitudes toward zero-alcohol beverages and demographic, knowledge, and behavioural factors known to be associated with provision of alcoholic beverages. ⋯ Parents' provision and intentions to provide zero-alcohol beverages were associated with beliefs about zero-alcohol beverages as well as some factors associated with provision of alcoholic beverages. Precautionary advice to parents that the provision of zero-alcohol beverages may serve to normalise alcohol consumption may be warranted.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Association between circadian physical activity patterns and cancer incidence through regulation of inflammation: A UK biobank study.
Physical activity (PA) has been linked with cancer incidence. However, the effects and mechanisms underpinning circadian PA trajectories on cancer remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the optimal PA patterns in reducing cancer incidence and the associated potential mediators. ⋯ Optimal PA trajectories reduced cancer incidence, especially in double peak and vigorous patterns. The protective effect was associated with both intensity and circadian rhythm. Crucially, this protection was mediated by inflammation regulation.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Determining pathways of effect between correlates and outcomes of transport-related physical activity at differing timepoints across the lifecourse: A structural equation modelling approach.
Transport-related physical activity levels differ across the lifecourse; however, the nature of these differences is poorly understood. This study examined the relationship between correlates of transport-related physical activity and how they differ in strength, pathway, and direction across the lifecourse. Structural Equation Modelling assessed relationships between correlates (e.g., age, smoking, education) and transport-related physical activity (assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) at four timepoints of the Australian Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study: childhood (7-15y; n = 6302), early-adulthood (26-36y; n = 2700), early/mid-adulthood (31-41y; n = 1649), and mid-adulthood (36-49y; n = 1794). ⋯ Urban residence was directly associated with greater transport-related physical activity in childhood and early-adulthood; having more children in early/mid- and mid-adulthood was directly associated with less transport-related physical activity. This is the first study to report pathways of direct and indirect association between correlates and transport-related physical activity at key lifecourse stages. The pathways highlighted can inform policy and practice to aid in the development of age-specific lifecourse interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
The role of breastfeeding support in racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding practices.
Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding practices in the United States are well documented but the underlying causes remain unclear. While racial/ethnic disparities are often intertwined with socioeconomic disparities in breastfeeding, studies suggest that lack of breastfeeding support from family, health care organizations and workplaces may contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding rates. No studies have investigated the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding practices can be explained by breastfeeding support. ⋯ These findings highlight the importance of improving support from family, hospitals and workplaces for breastfeeding mothers to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding.