Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
ReviewPolicy, systems, and environmental interventions addressing physical activity in early childhood education settings: A systematic review.
Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approaches can facilitate physical activity in priority populations (e.g., racial and ethnic minority, low wealth groups) within early childhood education (ECE) settings. The purpose of this review was to 1) characterize the inclusion of priority populations within ECE physical activity interventions containing PSE approaches and 2) identify and describe interventions within these populations. Seven databases were systematically searched (January 2000-Febrary 2022) for ECE-based interventions focusing on children (0-6 years) that utilized at least one PSE approach. ⋯ In Aim 2, of the 12 interventions assessing child physical activity in priority populations, 9/12 reported at least one physical activity outcome in the expected direction. Of the 11 interventions assessing the physical activity environment, 9/11 reported an effect in the expected direction. Findings indicate clear opportunities exist to target priority populations by incorporating PSE approaches in ECE physical activity interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
The physical activity implications of retirement across occupational activity groups.
Retirement is an important later life transition which may represent a critical period for physical activity in older age. Past findings on the association between retirement and physical activity are inconclusive and there is some evidence that the physical activity implications of retirement may differ by occupational activity level. This study used data from waves 4-9 (June 2008-July 2019) of the English Longitudinal Study on Aging to evaluate whether there is an association between retirement and physical activity, and whether this varies across occupational activity groups. ⋯ This study quantified the importance of retirement for later life physical activity. With demographic aging, the population health importance of later life physical activity will likely become more important. These findings should inform the design of public health interventions to increase physical activity around the retirement transition.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
How are hearing loss and physical activity related? Analysis from the English longitudinal study of ageing.
Although cross-sectional studies suggest that hearing loss in middle- and older-aged adults is associated with lower physical activity, longitudinal evidence is limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential bi-directional association between hearing loss and physical activity over time. Participants were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 11,292) who were 50-years or older at baseline assessment (1998-2000). ⋯ These findings highlight the importance of addressing physical activity in middle- and older-aged adults with hearing loss. As physical activity is a modifiable behaviour that can reduce the risk of developing chronic health conditions, individuals with hearing loss may need additional, tailored support to be more physically active. Mitigating the decline in physical activity could be essential to support healthy ageing for adults with hearing loss.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Design and localization algorithm of flap guide plate for jaw defect based on digital 3D printing.
The anterolateral thigh flap is often used to repair the wound tissue defect. Because it is difficult to carry out the perforating vessels before and after the operation, it is considered to use digital design combined with 3D printing technology to prepare the digital three-dimensional guide plate, and at the same time, the guide plate positioning algorithm is designed according to the error caused by the different placement of the guide plate at the site to be transplanted. ⋯ In the experiment, the soft tissue of the patients with jaw defects can be well repaired based on the guide plate. The positioning algorithm locates the flap graft under the condition of less environmental parameters, and obtains the corresponding diameter parameters.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Health prevention intervention for chronic tissue fibrosis: Based on the specific expression of CCL19/21 + mast cell.
Chronic tissue fibrosis is a common pathological feature of connective tissue diseases and malignant tumors, and its prevention has been a major focus of relevant research. However, the details of the mechanism of action of tissue-colonizing immune cells in fibroblast migration are unclear. In this study, connective tissue disease tissue specimens and solid tumor specimens were selected to observe the relationship between mast cells and interstitial fibrosis and the expression characteristics of mast cells. ⋯ In disease tissue fibrosis, mast cell activation may increase the expression of chemokines, especially CCL19, in the tissue, thereby inducing a large number of CCR7-positive fibroblasts to migrate to specific tissues. This study lays a foundation for the mechanism of tissue fibrosis and provides evidence for the mechanism by which mast cells induce fibroblast migration. Through the experimental results of this paper, we can combine the induction factors of chronic tissue fibrosis and put forward targeted health prevention strategies.