Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Longitudinal trajectories of smoking status using 25 year annually-updated data and all-cause mortality followed over 30 years: A community-based prospective cohort study.
We aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of smoking for all-cause mortality according to smoking status trajectories using 25-year annually-repeated input, traced by group-based trajectory modeling with an extension to account for non-random participant attrition or truncation due to death. We examined 2682 men and 4317 women aged 40 to 59 years who participated in annual health checks for the community-based prospective cohort study, 1975-1984 enrollment in Japan. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality (follow-up period: median 30.2 years in men and 32.2 years in women). ⋯ Among community residents aged 40 to 59 years, 25-year-trajectory-based lifelong smokers had an approximately 30% increased risk for all-cause mortality compared to one-time-point-based smokers. Risk of all-cause mortality among smokers with earlier cessation varied materially. It is necessary to consider the trajectories of smoking status to clarify the long-term excess risk of smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Group leisure activities are associated with a lower risk of dementia than individual leisure activities: A 6-year longitudinal study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES).
Participating in group leisure activities may lower the risk of dementia compared with doing leisure activities alone. However, only some studies have examined the differences. In this study, we sought to determine whether the incidence of dementia risk differs according to the implementation status of leisure activities (participation in a group or alone). ⋯ Over six years of follow-up, 5395 respondents (10.6%) developed dementia. After adjusting for potential confounders, such as depression and social support, the implementation status of leisure activities was associated with a lower dementia risk in participants who engaged in group leisure activities (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.85) and a higher dementia risk in those without leisure activity (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22-1.39), in comparison with those engaging in leisure activities alone. Engagement in group leisure activities may be associated with a reduced risk of dementia.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Simulation of sports training recognition system based on internet of things video behavior analysis.
The video behavior analysis of the Internet of Things is the apparent characteristics and continuous state of the two-dimensional human body in the time dimension. The patterns representing human behavior can be divided into states based on human body structure, forms based on common features and forms based on temporal features, local spaces, and behaviors based on deep learning. Applying IoT video behavior analysis to sports training will have a huge impact. ⋯ This method can accurately meet the low-delay requirements of the motion recognition of each frame and the standard motion. It can match and eliminate the influence of individual differences on motion recognition. At the same time, it can also effectively expand the pattern matching method to recognize newly filled motions, and it is a powerful composite general motion recognition system.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Association of influenza vaccination or influenza virus infection history with subsequent infection risk among children: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).
We measured the association between history of influenza vaccination by age 2 years and influenza virus (IFV) infection at ages 3 and 4 years by relative risk reduction. We also examined the association between history of IFV infection by age 2 years and recurrent IFV infection at age 3 years. This study included 73,666 children from a large Japanese birth cohort. ⋯ One-season-prior IFV infection increased the relative risk of recurrent infection at age 3 years (1.72-3.33). In conclusion, influenza vaccination-induced protection may partly extend to the next season. Owing to the relative risk reduction by influenza vaccination and the increased relative risk of IFV infection from prior-season infection, annual influenza vaccination is recommended.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Public risk perception of air pollution in the general population of Italy and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: Environmental and socio-demographic drivers.
Air pollution is an important anthropogenic hazard due to its effect on human health and the environment. Understanding how the population perceives the risk associated with air pollution is a crucial aspect to inform future policies and communication strategies. The aim of this study is to examine the association between air pollution concentrations and public risk perception of air pollution, also exploring socio-demographic patterns in the general population of Italy and Sweden. ⋯ Direct experience is the main driver of risk perception in both countries. Being male and smokers in Italy, older age and having left/centre-left political orientation in both countries are associated with a higher perceived likelihood and impact of air pollution. These findings will inform future health and environmental studies regarding the public risk perception of air pollution highlighting individual's awareness and the socio-demographic patterns.