Nutrition
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Hepatic encephalopathy is a cerebral alteration mainly caused by hepatic insufficiency or portosystemic shunt. It ranges from minimal neurologic manifestations to coma in its overt stage. ⋯ Recent work has developed knowledge of probiotics in different clinical settings including the relationship of the gut microenvironment to liver cirrhosis. The aim of this review was to analyze the results of clinical trials on the effect of different probiotics on hepatic encephalopathy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Change of some oxidative stress parameters after supplementation with whey protein isolate in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of undenatured whey protein isolate (WPI; ≥92.5%) with a high content of native cysteine (2.7%) and a standardized content of lactoferrin (≥0.7%) on parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Supplementation with WPI may be useful in patients with diabetes to control fasting glycemia. Moreover, it can help to improve inflammatory and oxidative stress, which play a crucial role in the development of diabetes complications and also in the progression of other chronic diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of synbiotic supplementation on microbiota-derived protein-bound uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, and biochemical parameters in patients on hemodialysis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
The generation of key nephrovascular protein-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate and phenol, in hemodialysis (HD) patients is attributed to the dysbiotic gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum levels of indoxyl sulfate, phenol, inflammation, and biochemical parameters in HD patients. ⋯ Synbiotic supplementation might increase indoxyl sulfate and parathyroid hormone levels in HD patients.
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease with a long history of infecting humans and other animals. It is a known emerging or resurging disease. The host nutritional state has an indispensable role in defense against pathogens. ⋯ The host and sandfly vector nutritional states could also influence the evolution of the parasite. It is essential to elucidate the roles that diets and nutrition play in the leishmanial life cycle. The aim of this article is to review the influences of nutrition and diets on the host susceptibility and severity of infection, preemptive and therapeutic strategy feedback, parasite evolution, and vector competence.
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Stunting remains a major nutritional problem worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries including Indonesia. A number of nutritional feeding programs to cure stunting are basically addressing the problem of malnutrition. These programs are particularly designed to promote recovery of normal metabolic function and weight gain. ⋯ Research has documented that sufficient intakes of dietary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for optimal health throughout the life span, especially brain development and cognition. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the role of food sources of these fatty acids on children's health and growth. To our knowledge, very little work has been conducted on remedial formulas enriched with ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for malnutrition and optimal health, highlighting a need for intervention studies investigating the health benefits of the formula for malnutrition and optimal health, which may prevent stunting and also may promote optimal health.