Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Applied nutritional investigationEffects of acute arginine supplementation on neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and mood outcomes in younger men: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Arginine is an amino-acid supplement and precursor for nitric-oxide synthesis, which affects various biologic processes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of arginine supplementation on growth hormone (GH) and metabolic parameters. ⋯ Arginine supplementation modestly increased GH, glucose, and TSH levels in younger men. Responders had higher benzoate metabolites and an unknown analyte attributed to the gut microbiome. Future studies should examine whether the increased prevalence of these gut microorganisms corresponds with GH response after arginine supplementation.
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Numerous dietary strategies are currently used for the prevention of metabolic diseases and for weight loss. Some of the strategies that are used do not have an appropriate physiological-nutritional basis and do not take into account the genetic changes that have occurred recently. Thus, in certain cases, they can be harmful to human health. ⋯ Some mutations favored brain development and others are related to the digestion of nutrients such as lactose and starch. The influence of the domestication of food and the practice of cooking on human nutrition is also explained. In addition, this review intends to justify the current recommendations on the caloric distribution of macronutrients based on the important influence of genetic changes and adaptations that have occurred in our species.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to estimate the overall prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for observational studies reporting the prevalence of SO and its prognosis in patients with cancer from inception to December 2020. The pooled prevalence, hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of data extracted from the studies were calculated. ⋯ Current limited evidence suggested that SO may be associated with poor cancer-specific survival (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.40-16.70), but not progression-free survival (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.32-1.16). The present review indicated SO is common in patients with cancer and is significantly associated with several poor outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose and screen for SO in patients with cancer in the future, and appropriate interventions should be further explored to improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Taurine as a possible antiaging therapy: A controlled clinical trial on taurine antioxidant activity in women ages 55 to 70.
Based on the antioxidant effects of taurine, which are capable of controlling oxidative stress in the aging process, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in women 55 to 70 y of age. ⋯ Taurine supplementation prevented the decrease in the antioxidant enzyme SOD, suggesting taurine as a strategy to control oxidative stress during the aging process.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Water supplementation affects the fluid intake and serum levels of BDNF among the elderly nursing home residents.
The link between dehydration and fluid intake with brain function in elderly individuals has produced conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of water supplementation on fluid intake, cognitive and motor performance, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in euhydrated and dehydrated elderly. ⋯ The present study demonstrated that 7 d of water supplementation increased the water and the total fluid intake in elderly individuals regardless of dehydration status. Serum BDNF levels increased during dehydration and reverted to physiologic levels after appropriate rehydration.