Nutrition
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Disease-related malnutrition remains a major burden for patients and health care systems. The Medication Pass Nutritional Supplement Program (MEDPass) involves providing patients with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in unusually small amounts three to four times per day during medication rounds. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of MEDPass ONS administration on compliance, total energy and protein intake, food intake, body weight and handgrip strength in hospitalized adults and nursing-home residents. ⋯ We conclude that MEDPass ONS administration increases compliance in hospitalized adults and nursing-home residents. For all other outcomes, robust and well-powered trials are necessary.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
One week of high-fat overfeeding alters bone metabolism in healthy males: A pilot study.
Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects candidate biomarkers of bone metabolism. ⋯ A 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet reduces a marker of bone formation but does not affect a marker of bone resorption. This pilot study suggested that short periods of excessive energy and fat consumption may detrimentally affect bone health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of perioperative probiotic supplements on postoperative short-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Surgery can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, some patients are at a later stage at diagnosis and need to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Previous studies have shown that NACT may lead to more postoperative complications. Probiotics have the potential to reduce postoperative complications and infections, but no similar clinical trials have been conducted in patients with gastric cancer receiving NACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on postoperative infections and other short-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer receiving NACT. ⋯ Perioperative probiotic supplements can reduce postoperative infection, improve short-term clinical outcomes, and reduce the level of common inflammatory indicators in patients with gastric cancer receiving NACT. Patients in the PG started adjuvant chemotherapy earlier than CG patients.
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Non-digestible oligosaccharides such as milk oligosaccharides (MOS) can regulate and influence immune function. As an example, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL; a specific human MOS) regulate immune development and functionality. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), both serious pathogens, can cause severe and life-threatening infections. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of GOS and 2'-FL on bacterial growth and on polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytosis. ⋯ The data suggests that both GOS and 2'-FL can suppress growth of serious pathogens and enhance phagocytosis.
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Clinical Trial
Time-restricted eating improves glycemic control and dampens energy-consuming pathways in human adipose tissue.
We sought to examine the effects of 8 wk of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glucose metabolism and the adipose tissue transcriptome during a metabolic ward stay in men with obesity. ⋯ TRE had a net effect of reducing glycemia and dampening energy-consuming pathways in adipose tissue.