Nutrition
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The aim of this review was to assess whether the presence of rs9939609 and rs17782313 polymorphisms increase the risk for obesity among children and adolescents. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and it was registered in PROSPERO. The search was performed in the PubMed/Medline, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. ⋯ Three studies did not find an association between overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with the presence of rs17782313 or rs9939609. One found a protective effect for obesity in individuals with risk A allele referring to rs9939609, one found a synergistic effect in relation to the presence of polymorphisms rs17782313 and rs9939609 for obese phenotype, and one observed that the presence together of the rs9939609, rs17782313, and rs12970134 MC4R were significant for the presence of obesity in children and adolescents. The results suggest that depending on the population evaluated and ethnicity, the polymorphisms rs17782313 and rs9939609 could be associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
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In recent years, consumption of ultra-processed food around the world has been increasing. The nutritional profile of an ultra-processed diet is associated with the development of cellular alterations that lead to oxidative stress. ⋯ Likewise, the decrease in the transcription factor NRF2, owing to exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species, leads to changes in immune function and response to infections. This review aims to analyze the connection between an ultra-processed diet, systemic oxidative stress, and immune tolerance, as a contribution to the scientific evidence on the impact of oxidative stress on health and the possible risk of infections-an important consideration in the association of eating pattern and the immune response.
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Molecular studies have demonstrated the importance of the exacerbated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, called the cytokine storm, in more severe COVID-19. The pathophysiology is complex and involves several homeostatic factors; among them, a deficit of vitamin D draws attention because of its high frequency in the population. Some evidence suggests that people with low serum vitamin D levels have worse outcomes, often requiring intensive care. This review analyzed the studies available in the global literature addressing the benefits of vitamin D in COVID-19, relating serum levels to the severity of the disease, and indicating vitamin D as a possible prophylactic and therapy in infection.
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In this review, we systematically assess whether dietary interventions are effective in attenuating inflammatory biomarkers in IBDs based on clinical trials available in the literature. ⋯ The results presented in this review reveal that dietary intervention with specific characteristics may be important during the treatment of the inflammatory process in patients with IBDs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of extra virgin olive oil and pecans on plasma fatty acids in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a healthy diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or pecans on plasma fatty acids (PFAs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). ⋯ In patients with stable CAD, there were no significant differences in PFAs after 12 wk according to dietary interventions evaluated.