Nutrition
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Current levels of potato consumption in relation to mortality in Chinese people remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the intakes of total potatoes, fried potatoes, non-fried potatoes, and sweet potatoes as dietary carbohydrate sources in relation to all-cause mortality in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). ⋯ In the CHNS, current low and moderate, but not high levels of total potato and fried/non-fried potato consumption as well as sweet potato consumption were inversely associated with all-cause mortality among Chinese people.
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Liver fibrosis is a common pathologic process related to chronic liver disease. However, there are currently no effective methods to reverse liver fibrosis. Chronic liver disease is typically associated with a major imbalance in the intestinal flora, and targeting the regulation of the intestinal flora structure may facilitate the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effects of dietary fiber on the prevention of liver fibrosis in mice. ⋯ Our findings revealed the complex relationships between dietary fiber, intestinal flora, and immunity, and suggested that dietary therapy could alleviate liver fibrosis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Most patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) have decreased skeletal muscle mass, malnutrition, and decreased physical activity levels. These comorbidities may prevent early recovery after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral nutritional formula-enriched β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite that promotes muscle synthesis and suppresses proteolysis, on postoperative sarcopenia and other outcomes after adult-to-adult living donor LT (LDLT). ⋯ Postoperative administration of HMB-enriched formula with rehabilitation significantly increased GS at 1 and 2 mo and SMI at 2 mo and shortened postoperative hospital LOS after LDLT.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of 6 mo of supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics on gut microbiota in the adults with prediabetes: A double blind randomized clinical trial.
The evidence of 16S rRNA genes in the gut microbiota distinguished a higher Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio in individuals who were obese and had diabetes than in a healthy cohort. So, it seems that the modulation of intestinal microbial ecology by pro-/pre-/synbiotics may contribute to the progression and prevention of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of probiotics and synbiotic supplementation on the modification of the intestinal microbiome in adults with prediabetes. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that manipulation of the human gut microbiome by using probiotics could provide a potential therapeutic approach in the prevention and management of obesity and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
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Review Case Reports
Nutritional management of celiac crisis in an elderly adult: A case report of the rare presentation of celiac disease in a 75-y-old woman.
In adults, a very uncommon presentation of celiac disease (CD) is a celiac crisis, a life-threatening and severe form of the disease having a dramatic onset with diarrhea and metabolic acidosis with electrolyte and fluid imbalance. Treatment of celiac crisis requires a gluten-free diet; however, the risk for refeeding syndrome (RFS) should be considered in patients showing marked malabsorption symptoms and important unintentional weight loss. Therefore, to avoid metabolic and potentially fatal complications of re-nutrition, nutritional management is crucial for a safe recovery after a celiac crisis. ⋯ After being diagnosed with CD, the first approach was a gluten-free diet, which demonstrated only small and slow improvements of gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, a second approach was parenteral nutrition (PN) support that dramatically helped the patient's recovery. Here we describe the nutritional management during the inpatient stay for clinical stabilization and the following outpatient visits during and after the support with PN, until the patient's complete recovery to a regular follow-up.