Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to evaluate hypertension risk associated with long- and short-term body mass index (BMI) changes. ⋯ For participants with normal BMI, risk tended to be higher in adults whose elevated BMI occurred during the long-term. For those who are overweight, long-term decreased BMI can reduce the risk for incident hypertension to a greater extent. No correlation was found between absolute changes in BMI and systolic blood pressure.
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In India, childhood malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem, especially in slums. Research mostly focuses on the role of the mother in child feeding, as she spends significantly more time with children. However, the role of fathers, their parenting skills, and child-feeding practices may also affect child development and eating behavior, independent of maternal factors. To our knowledge, there is limited research on the role of the father in child undernutrition, especially in the Indian context. Thus, the aim of this study was to address this knowledge gap and to explore paternal child-feeding patterns, their involvement in feeding, and its association with malnutrition in the slums. ⋯ We recruited 116 boys and 94 girls and their fathers. The mean age of the children was 15.94 mo (SD 4.85). One-fourth of the fathers were illiterate and most of the families belonged to the middle class. Almost half of the fathers fed their children once a day (57.1%) and engaged them during feeding by telling stories (47.1%). The most common paternal feeding style was uninvolved (36%) followed by authoritative (29.5%). Prevalence of undernutrition, stunting, and wasting was 44.3%, 42.8%, and 9.5%, respectively. Religion, type of family, and per capita income were independently associated with uninvolved feeding style. There was no association between paternal child-feeding style malnutrition (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: The present study explored the dimensions of paternal involvement in child feeding in a slum setting and its effect on child nutrition. A good proportion of fathers were actively involved in child feeding and neither involvement nor paternal feeding styles were associated with the nutritional status of children.
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease with a long history of infecting humans and other animals. It is a known emerging or resurging disease. The host nutritional state has an indispensable role in defense against pathogens. ⋯ The host and sandfly vector nutritional states could also influence the evolution of the parasite. It is essential to elucidate the roles that diets and nutrition play in the leishmanial life cycle. The aim of this article is to review the influences of nutrition and diets on the host susceptibility and severity of infection, preemptive and therapeutic strategy feedback, parasite evolution, and vector competence.
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Stunting remains a major nutritional problem worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries including Indonesia. A number of nutritional feeding programs to cure stunting are basically addressing the problem of malnutrition. These programs are particularly designed to promote recovery of normal metabolic function and weight gain. ⋯ Research has documented that sufficient intakes of dietary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for optimal health throughout the life span, especially brain development and cognition. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the role of food sources of these fatty acids on children's health and growth. To our knowledge, very little work has been conducted on remedial formulas enriched with ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for malnutrition and optimal health, highlighting a need for intervention studies investigating the health benefits of the formula for malnutrition and optimal health, which may prevent stunting and also may promote optimal health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Change of some oxidative stress parameters after supplementation with whey protein isolate in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of undenatured whey protein isolate (WPI; ≥92.5%) with a high content of native cysteine (2.7%) and a standardized content of lactoferrin (≥0.7%) on parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Supplementation with WPI may be useful in patients with diabetes to control fasting glycemia. Moreover, it can help to improve inflammatory and oxidative stress, which play a crucial role in the development of diabetes complications and also in the progression of other chronic diseases.