Nutrition
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Observational Study
Validation and improvement of the predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
The usual predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) seem to be associated with significant inaccuracy in patients with advanced cancer. Recently, our group developed a predictive equation for patients with advanced head and neck cancer, showing a better accuracy when compared with indirect calorimetry. The aim of this study was to validate this predictive equation and, if necessary, to elaborate a new predictive equation for patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. ⋯ A new equation considering phase angle and body composition can improve the accuracy of the predictive equation.
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Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has been associated with a reduced risk for stroke. However, antioxidant supplementation is not recommended owing to controversial findings reported in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants by investigating the effect of dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC), reflecting the antioxidant potential of the whole diet, on the risk for stroke. ⋯ Higher dietary NEAC was not associated with any type of stroke in young and middle-aged Swedish women.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of synbiotic supplementation on microbiota-derived protein-bound uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, and biochemical parameters in patients on hemodialysis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
The generation of key nephrovascular protein-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate and phenol, in hemodialysis (HD) patients is attributed to the dysbiotic gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum levels of indoxyl sulfate, phenol, inflammation, and biochemical parameters in HD patients. ⋯ Synbiotic supplementation might increase indoxyl sulfate and parathyroid hormone levels in HD patients.
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Hepatic encephalopathy is a cerebral alteration mainly caused by hepatic insufficiency or portosystemic shunt. It ranges from minimal neurologic manifestations to coma in its overt stage. ⋯ Recent work has developed knowledge of probiotics in different clinical settings including the relationship of the gut microenvironment to liver cirrhosis. The aim of this review was to analyze the results of clinical trials on the effect of different probiotics on hepatic encephalopathy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Zinc supplementation improves glucose homeostasis in patients with β-thalassemia major complicated with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.
The development of abnormal glucose tolerance in β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is associated with alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant status. Zinc is an antioxidant and an essential element for insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion. This randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of oral zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis in pediatric β-TM patients complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM). ⋯ Zinc supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in β-TM patients with DM reduced iron burden, decreased hyperglycemia, increased insulin secretion, and improved glycemic control without any adverse effects.