Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Adherence to diet low in fermentable carbohydrates and traditional diet for irritable bowel syndrome.
Dietary interventions in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) include a traditional IBS diet following the guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence to these diets, food groups difficult to replace, and dietary determinants of symptom improvement. ⋯ In both the low FODMAP and traditional IBS diet, certain food groups were difficult to replace. Because adherence may predict symptom improvement, close dietary guidance might enhance the efficacy of both diets.
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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction with fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Integrity of the endothelial cell is important to its physiologic function such as production of angiogenetic factors. The aim of this study was to assess whether phase angle (PhA) is altered in patients with SSc and whether its values correlate with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and digital microvascular damage. ⋯ The evaluation of VEGF with PhA, NVC, and DUs could be useful to estimate cellular and microvascular damage in patients with SSc.
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Malnutrition is frequent among older adults, especially those living in nursing homes, but the association between residential setting and nutritional status is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the association between living setting (nursing home versus community) and malnutrition while adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and psychosocial factors. ⋯ Risk of malnutrition and malnutrition are more prevalent among nursing home residents than community dwellers. Physical (functional status) and mental health (symptoms of depression and loneliness) seems more relevant to nutritional status than residential setting by itself. These findings should be taken into account when designing public health policies to tackle malnutrition among older adults.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of probiotics and fecal transplantation on inflammatory and oxidative parameters in the intestines of two rat models of sepsis. ⋯ Probiotic strains significantly differ among themselves and exert different effects on the host's health. Symbiotics and FMT could offer additional immunomodulatory benefits to drug therapy, thus serving as a new therapeutic alternative in pediatric patients with sepsis.
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Sarcopenia promotes worsening of nutritional status and an increase in comorbidities. Likewise, use of validated instruments to assess nutritional and comorbidity factors are warranted. Thus, the objectives were to assess the prevalence of risk for sarcopenia and to determine whether there is an association between sarcopenia and nutritional status and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with cancer. ⋯ In the present study, ∼40% of patients with cancer had a risk for sarcopenia and a greater prediction for nutritional risk (49%) and comorbidities (29%).