Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to examine the quantitative features of intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps and their association with gait independence in older inpatients. ⋯ The results from the present study suggested that intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps of older inpatients was increased to ~1.7 times that of healthy older individuals matched for demographic characteristics. More intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps was observed among older inpatients who were unable to walk independently compared with older inpatients who were able to walk independently.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score with overweight and obesity in Brazilian participants of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME project). ⋯ The most proinflammatory dietary pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and other unhealthy lifestyles including being sedentary, smoking, and consuming a obesogenic diet.
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Muscle net catabolism, as seen after severe trauma or sepsis or in postoperative situations, is mediated by hormones (e.g., cortisol) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). Specific amino acids may be able to limit this muscle mass loss. Citrulline (CIT) stimulates muscle protein synthesis in various situations, but little data exist on hypercatabolic situations and the effects on protein breakdown are unknown. Our aim was to assess the effect of CIT on protein turnover in an in vitro model of muscle hypercatabolism. ⋯ CIT treatment regulated muscle protein turnover in an in vitro model of muscle net catabolism. Exploring the underlying mechanisms would also be of interest.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Phytosterolemia and γ-glutamyl transferase in adults with parenteral nutrition: Fish versus vegetal lipids: A randomized clinical trial.
Fish oil (FO)-based lipid emulsions (LEs) have been reported to prevent hepatic dysfunction in patients treated with parenteral nutrition (PN). We studied patients with alterations of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) associated with the administration of PN containing olive/soybean (O/S)-based LE. The aim of this study was to determine whether the strategy of reducing the lipid dose by 50%, by changing to an FO-based LE, reduced plasma levels of phytosterols (PS) and GGT more effectively and safely, than the strategy of reducing lipid contribution by 50% while maintaining the same LE composition. ⋯ Plasma accumulation of PS and high values of GGT, AP, and ALT can be prevented with the exclusive administration of FO-based LE.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of four common malnutrition risk screening tools for detecting cachexia in patients with curable gastric cancer.
Although there is international consensus regarding the importance of cachexia, no tools exist, to our knowledge, for cachexia screening among patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with cancer and cachexia could be identified using the four most commonly used nutritional screening tools: the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)-2002, the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). ⋯ Among the tools examined, the MST had the greatest ability to detect cancer cachexia among patients with gastric cancer.