Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy interacts with polymorphisms in the promoter region of the VDR gene to affect postpartum bone mass of Brazilian adolescent mothers: A randomized controlled trial.
We investigated whether calcium plus vitamin D supplementation interacts with polymorphisms in the VDR gene promoter region to affect changes on maternal bone mass from 5 to 20 wk postpartum in Brazilian adolescent mothers. ⋯ Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy interacted with polymorphisms in the VDR gene promoter region affecting postpartum bone loss. The increased supply of calcium and vitamin D appeared to minimize postpartum bone loss particularly in adolescents with 1521 GG/1012 AA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of supplementation with curcumin on serum adipokine concentrations: A randomized controlled trial.
Previous experimental studies have suggested curcumin as a safe phytochemical that can improve insulin resistance through effects on adiponectin and leptin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on circulating adiponectin and leptin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Curcumin can improve serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in patients with metabolic syndrome. This trial was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/) under Trial No. UMIN000018339.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet and an isocaloric low-fat diet on bone health in obese adults.
Compromised bone health is a frequently cited concern of very-low-carbohydrate (LC) diets, although limited data are available from long-term, well-controlled, randomized studies. This study compared the effects of an energy-restricted LC diet and traditional, higher-carbohydrate, low-fat (LF) diet on bone health after 12 mo. ⋯ Weight loss following a hypocaloric LC diet compared with an LF diet does not differentially affect markers of bone health over 12 mo in overweight and obese adults.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pharmacokinetic study of amaranth extract in healthy humans: A randomized trial.
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important signaling molecules produced within the body. Continuous generation of NO is essential for the integrity of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to assess whether oral intake of a nitrate (NO3-)-rich dietary supplement (amaranth extract) is able to increase NO3- and nitrite (NO2-) levels in blood plasma and saliva of healthy adults. ⋯ These results clearly indicate that a single oral dose of amaranth extract is able to increase the NO3- and NO2- levels in the body for at least 8 h. The increase in NO3- and NO2- levels can help to improve the overall performance of people involved in vigorous physical activities or sports.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A comparison of a behavioral weight loss program to a stress management program: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
This study compared a behavioral weight loss program (BWL) with a stress management-based program, Emotional Brain Training (EBT), on weight loss, blood pressure, depression, perceived stress, diet, and physical activity. ⋯ BWL produced greater weight loss than EBT; however, EBT produced sustained improvements in stress, depression, and systolic blood pressure. A combination of the two approaches should be explored.