Nutrition
-
Hospital-associated sarcopenia is prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in acutely admitted patients. Prevention of developing sarcopenia during hospitalization is an important factor in stroke management. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether energy intake and rehabilitation duration contribute to the prevention of hospital-associated sarcopenia in patients with acute stroke. ⋯ In patients with acute stroke, the combination of high energy intake and adequate rehabilitation time is associated with prevention of hospital-associated sarcopenia.
-
"Pocket formulas" are practical alternatives for calculating an individual's total energy expenditure (TEE). Typically, more sophisticated predictive equations are used, such as the new equations proposed in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Nevertheless, these new equations necessitate estimating physical activity levels (PALs). The aim of this study was to compare the use of pocket formulas (kcal/kg of body weight) with the new predictive equations for energy expenditure proposed by the DRI (2023) in healthy women and with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to predict TEE. ⋯ Pocket formulas provide a reasonable agreement with TEE in healthy, sedentary, or low-active adult women, which may be a more simplistic strategy when there is no PAL data for calculating the DRI equations.
-
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with adverse outcomes. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are conditions intertwined with frailty. Phase angle (PhA), used to evaluate nutritional status and sarcopenia, shows the cell membrane integrity and is closely related to clinical outcomes and mortality in many chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PhA and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. ⋯ PhA calculated with bioelectrical impedance analysis was significantly associated with frailty. Further research with large samples is needed to determine whether PhA demonstrates potential utility as a biomarker for frailty.
-
The aims of this study were to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) retention of an ingested meal by fluorescence imaging and compare how retention is affected by differences in the physical characteristics of meals. ⋯ Observing FI attenuation around the abdomen allows for the evaluation of GI tract retention of an ingested meal. Compared with a solid meal, a liquid meal stays longer in the digestive tract, whereas a liquid meal in which the viscosity increases in the stomach is retained like a solid meal.
-
Menopause and vitamin D deficiency increase bone reabsorption and bone fracture risk in women in postmenopause, and vitamin D supplementation may improve bone health and decrease bone fracture risk. This study aims to discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation, isolated or calcium-associated, on remodeling and fracture risk bone in women in postmenopause without osteoporosis. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO database registration: CRD42022359796). ⋯ Additionally, 15 000 IU/wk increased the cortical area of metacarpal bone, whereas 500 000 IU of vitamin D annually for 5 y did not contribute to reducing the fracture risk and falls. Only one study found a reduction in fracture risk (dose of 800 IU of vitamin D plus 1200 mg of calcium). Thus, the vitamin D supplementation, alone or calcium-associated, improved the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone remodeling, but it was not possible to assert that it reduced fracture bone risk in postmenopausal women.