Nutrition
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Novel diet for patients with impaired mastication evaluated by consumption rate, nutrition intake, and questionnaire.
"iEat(®)" (EN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; study diet), a food product that resembles an ordinary meal in appearance but is cooked to soften, was compared with foods provided to patients with impaired mastication (modified traditional diet) to investigate the influence of the appearance of foods on the consumption rate, dietary nutrition intake, and satisfaction level. ⋯ The study diet has potential to become a new dietary option for patients with impaired mastication.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on aortic distensibility in healthy individuals.
Elevated plasma homocysteine (HCY) levels have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Aortic distensibility and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) are indices of aortic elasticity. The potential effect of acute hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) on the elastic properties of the aorta in healthy individuals is not known. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of acute methionine-induced HHCY on aortic distensibility and PWV in healthy individualsand the effect of acute HHCY on myocardial performance of the left ventricle (Tei index). ⋯ Acute methionine-induced HHCY reduces aortic distensibility and worsens myocardial performance in healthy individuals. Further research is warranted to examine in the long term the direct effects of HHCY on cardiovascular function and the indirect effects on structural remodeling.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Glycemic response to carbohydrate and the effects of exercise and protein.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-exercise and protein coingestion on the glycemic response to carbohydrates. ⋯ Coingestion of protein with carbohydrate reduces glycemic response and increases insulinemic response in healthy subjects, whereas pre-exercise seems to have no effect.
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In hospitalized patients, the optimal target blood glucose concentration is controversial. Numerous studies have examined clinical use of glucose control in various patient populations. In the present review, we briefly discuss corresponding meta-analyses. ⋯ Eight meta-analyses showed that, despite the intensity of glucose control, the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes increased. The residual heterogeneity of individual studies incorporated into the various meta-analyses prevents a valid conclusion regarding potential benefits of a specific glucose target. A glucose concentration <200 mg/dL appears preferable.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Differential dose effect of fish oil on inflammation and adipose tissue gene expression in chronic kidney disease patients.
The beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cardiovascular disease are partly attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties. Their potential effect on the adipose tissue of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has never been explored. ⋯ A moderate dose of FO alters the gene expression profile of adipose tissue to a more antiinflammatory status. Higher doses of FO have a favorable effect on lipid profile and lead to the upregulation of adipokines gene expression suggesting a different dose response to ω-3 PUFA administration in patients with CKD.