Nutrition
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This study aimed to identify the clinical usefulness of assessing nutritional status using validated tools for the indication of enteral nutrition for patients with incurable cancer in palliative care. ⋯ Using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score to identify the existence and severity of CC, which is associated with function, has the potential to help clinical decision making concerning the indication of enteral nutrition in patients with incurable cancer receiving palliative care.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipodystrophy and physical exercise on the parameters of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). ⋯ Lipodystrophy and the practice of physical exercise do not present direct involvement in the PhA values, with sex, body composition, and hydration variables being the main influences on this variable. BIVA was able to show differences in the body composition of the groups even when the PhA values were similar.
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This study aimed to identify the prognosis relevant to the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in locally advanced rectal cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy before radical surgery. ⋯ The present study finds that the preoperative CONUT score may be a useful prognostic indicator in clinical scenarios.
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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) promotes sustained weight loss, and the resulting new gastrointestinal anatomy can contribute to nutritional depletions. Folate deficiency is one of the most frequently observed nutritional deficiencies after RYGB. The aim of this study was to assess whether RYGB affects the expression of genes related to the intestinal folate metabolism pathway as an additional molecular mechanism contributing to its postoperative deficiency. ⋯ The present findings suggested that impaired expression of genes related to intestinal folate metabolism may contribute to the early systemic deficiency after RYGB and highlight a potential transcriptomic reprogramming of the intestine in response to RYGB to compensate for folate depletion induced by this surgical technique.
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Muscular involvement in long-term type 1 diabetes: Does it represent an underestimated complication?
Structural, metabolic, and functional signs of skeletal muscle damage have been identified in individuals affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D), but, to our knowledge, no guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of muscle impairment exist and studies on T1D and muscle health remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a long-term T1D population and to assess the effects of some clinical parameters on muscle mass and function. ⋯ We observed a high prevalence of low muscle mass, similar to those found in the older age groups of the general population (25 years in advance) and our findings suggest a possible pathogenetic role of T1D duration on muscle trophism and function.