Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2011
The frequency of saccades correlates to peak velocity in symmetrical disparity vergence.
A pure vergence stimulus requires the two eyes to turn equally inward or outward theoretically resulting in a pure symmetrical vergence response. However, saccades, a rapid conjugate eye movement, are frequently observed in vergence responses. This investigation sought to systematically quantify whether the occurrence of saccades within symmetrical vergence responses is correlated to vergence peak velocity. ⋯ The occurrence of saccades is negatively correlated to vergence peak velocity. When the velocity is slower, the number of saccades increases. This study suggests that the brain may initiate a saccade to facilitate a slow vergence movement, potentially to allow object recognition before binocular fusion.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2011
Detection and classification of hypovolaemia during anaesthesia.
In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in patient monitoring and medical data analysis using decision support systems, smart alarm monitoring, expert systems and many other computer aided protocols. The main goal of this study was to enhance the developed diagnostic alarm system for detecting critical events during anaesthesia. ⋯ The performance of the system was validated through a series of off-line tests. When detecting hypovolaemia a substantial level of agreement was observed between FLMS-2 and the human expert and it is shown that system has a better performance with sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 90% and predictability of 72%.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2011
Cardiac output monitoring by long time interval analysis of a radial arterial blood pressure waveform with correction for arterial compliance changes using pulse transit time.
We previously developed a technique for estimating relative cardiac output (CO) change by long time interval analysis of a radial arterial blood pressure waveform. This technique analyzes the slow, beat-to-beat changes in the waveform to circumvent the confounding wave reflections but assumes constant arterial compliance (AC). ⋯ For proof-of-concept, we compared the original and corrected techniques using invasive swine hemodynamic data. The corrected technique reduced the overall calibrated CO estimation error by 18% relative to the original technique.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2011
Selective co-stimulation of pudendal afferents enhances reflex bladder activation.
The loss of normal bladder function is common in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and negatively impacts their quality of life. Electrical stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents is a promising approach to restore control of bladder function. Pudendal afferent stimulation can generate reflex contraction of the bladder, but the resulting bladder voiding efficiency remains low. ⋯ In preclinical studies in anesthetized adult cats, co-stimulation of CSN and DNP evoked larger bladder contractions than individual stimulation of either CSN or DNP. In a parallel clinical experiment involving a participant with chronic SCI, co-stimulation of the proximal and distal urethra also produced synergistic augmentation of reflex bladder activity, and thus improved voiding efficiency when compared to reflex distension-evoked voiding. Selective co-stimulation of pudendal afferents is efficacious and should be considered in the development of neural prosthetics for restoration of bladder function in persons with SCI.
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CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) is known as the most basic aid in emergency situations. For successful CPR, the chest compression depth, cycle, and compressing point are important factors. In I. ⋯ When we use two acceleration sensors, estimated compression depth is 44.6mm (S. D. 1.59 mm), which is similar to the actual compression depth. In conclusion, the dual accelerometer gives more accurate estimated compression depth than conventional devices.