Articles: disease.
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Hypopituitarism after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is usually underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated. Its course can be divided in an acute phase during the first 14 days after TBI with 50 to 80% risk of hypopituitarism, and a chronic phase, beginning three months after the event, with a prevalence of hypopituitarism that ranges from 2 to 70%. Its pathophysiology has been addressed in several studies, suggesting that a vascular injury to the pituitary tissue is the most important mechanism during the acute phase, and an autoimmune one during chronic stages. ⋯ Hence, we propose a simple and cost-effective algorithm to detect and treat a potential hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis impairment and alterations of sodium homeostasis, both of which can be life-threatening. In the chronic phase, post-concussion syndrome is the most important differential diagnosis. Given the high prevalence of hypopituitarism, we suggest that all pituitary axes should be assessed in all patients with moderate to severe TBI, between 3 to 6 months after the event, and then repeated at 12 months after trauma by a specialized team in pituitary disease.
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Chronic lung diseases, especially emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, are the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Their treatment includes symptom alleviation, slowing of the disease progression, and ultimately organ transplant. Regenerative medicine represents an attractive alternative. ⋯ The catheter-injectable gelatin-alginate hydrogel represents a new concept, which combines tissue engineering with minimal invasive procedure. It is an inexpensive and convenient to use alternative to other types of suggested scaffolds for lung tissue engineering. This novel concept may be used for additional clinical applications in regenerative medicine.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Dec 2020
The Effect of Potassium Citrate on Overactive Bladder Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.
To show the effect of potassium citrate treatment on overactive bladder disease in patients with kidney stone and overactive bladder symptoms. ⋯ Potassium citrate can be used in the treatment of overactive bladder disease. The effect of potassium citrate treatment on ameliorating overactive bladder symptoms is more distinct in elderly patients. Key Words: Renal stones, Potassium citrate, Overactive bladder.
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Minerva cardioangiologica · Dec 2020
Caring for acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Northern Italy: report from a hub centre.
The Lombardy region, in Northern Italy, suffered a major outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of February 2020. The health system was rapidly overwhelmed by the pandemic. It became evident that patients suffering from timesensitive medical emergencies like stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, trauma and acute myocardial infarction required timely, effective and safe pathways to be treated. The problem was addressed by a regional decree that created a hub-and-spoke system for time-sensitive medical emergencies. ⋯ Re-organization of a hospital in order to adopt a hub-and-spoke model resulted feasible and allowed to face acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies timely and safely.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Dec 2020
Case ReportsSilver-Russell Syndrome: Orthodontic Perspective.
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare disorder characterised by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, a relatively large head size with triangular face, a prominent forehead, body asymmetry, feeding difficulties, clinodactyly and other features. Abnormalities of chromosome number 7 and 11 have been found in 60% of patients, but the diagnosis of the disease is mainly by ascertaining clinical features. We, herein, report a case of an 11-year boy who presented to Orthodontics Department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID), for treatment of craniofacial and oral problems, which included small-sized jaws and severely crowded teeth. The patient is undergoing serial extraction treatment at the moment, which will be followed by further orthodontic treatment. Key Words: Silver-Russell syndrome, Growth deficiency, Triangular face, Body asymmetry.