Knowledge
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Sulfentanil is a potent, short-acting synthetic opioid used in anesthesia and critical care. First synthesized by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1974. It is the most potent opioid licensed for use in humans.
- OWC 1800
- pKa 8.0
- Potency 5-10x fentanyl, 500x morphine.
- Vd 3 L/kg
- Protein binding 93%
- Clearance 12 mL/kg/min
- tß½ 3 hours
- CSHT(8h) 30 min (alfentanil ~60 m)
- mu agonist, also stimulates serotonin release and at high dose has local anaeshetic effect.
- Structurally different from fentanyl, with a methoxymethyl group on the piperidine ring (increases potency and reduces duration of action) and thiophene instead of phenyl ring.
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Hydroxyethyl starches, such as Hespan, Voluven, Volulyte, Tetrahes and Hestar, have been shown in several large trials to increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and/or the need for renal replacement therapies among critically ill patients, particulalry those suffering sepsis.
Evidence demonstrating harm among fit & healthy surgical patients is however lacking, notably Giles et al could find no increased risk of adverse event among surgical patients in their 2014 meta-analysis. Nonetheless, given the similar lack of demonstrable benefit of HES fluids for this group, avoidance of use in both the ICU and surgical population is prudent.
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