Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Jul 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialAbstinence rates among college cigarette smokers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating Quit and Win contests: The impact of concurrent hookah use.
To examine baseline characteristics and biochemically verified 1-, 4-, and 6-month tobacco quit rates among college students enrolled in a Quit and Win cessation trial, comparing those who concurrently smoke both hookah and cigarettes with those who deny hookah use. ⋯ College cigarette smokers who concurrently use hookah display several health risk factors and demonstrate lower short and long-term tobacco abstinence rates.
-
Preventive medicine · Jul 2015
Socioeconomic position, health behaviors, and racial disparities in cause-specific infant mortality in Michigan, USA.
Studies about racial disparities in infant mortality suggest that racial differences in socioeconomic position (SEP) and maternal risk behaviors explain some, but not all, excess infant mortality among Blacks relative to non-Hispanic Whites. We examined the contribution of these to disparities in specific causes of infant mortality. ⋯ These findings help focus policy attention toward disparities in those specific causes of infant mortality most amenable to social and behavioral intervention, as well as research attention to disparities in specific causes unexplained by SEP and behavioral differences.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2015
Review Meta AnalysisPersonal financial incentives for changing habitual health-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Uncertainty remains about whether personal financial incentives could achieve sustained changes in health-related behaviors that would reduce the fast-growing global non-communicable disease burden. This review aims to estimate whether: i. financial incentives achieve sustained changes in smoking, eating, alcohol consumption and physical activity; ii. effectiveness is modified by (a) the target behavior, (b) incentive value and attainment certainty, (c) recipients' deprivation level. ⋯ Personal financial incentives can change habitual health-related behaviors and help reduce health inequalities. However, their role in reducing disease burden is potentially limited given current evidence that effects dissipate beyond three months post-incentive removal.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2015
Comparative StudyDoes marital status contribute to the explanation of the hypercholesterolemia paradox in relation to long term mortality in myocardial infarction? Findings from the MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry.
A recent study found long-term mortality after first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to be particularly reduced among married individuals with hypercholesterolemia. This study explores, whether statin treatments during the last week prior to AMI offer an explanation to this phenomenon. ⋯ Prior statin treatments appear to be an underlying factor for long-term mortality reduction in married AMI-survivors with hypercholesterolemia. Confirmation of our results in further studies is warranted.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2015
ReviewReducing the volume, exposure and negative impacts of advertising for foods high in fat, sugar and salt to children: A systematic review of the evidence from statutory and self-regulatory actions and educational measures.
To identify and review evidence on 1) the effectiveness of statutory and self-regulatory actions to reduce the volume, exposure or wider impact of advertising for foods high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) to children, and 2) the role of educational measures. ⋯ Consistency in measures from evaluations over time would assist the development and interpretation of the evidence base on successful actions and measures to reduce the volume, exposure and impact of advertising for foods HFSS to children.