Nutrition
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Skipping breakfast prolongs the fasting state initiated after the last meal consumed the previous day and can have negative effects on muscle protein balance. The aim of this crossover trial was to examine the effects of skipping breakfast before a single bout of resistance exercise (RE) on muscle protein breakdown (MPB), as assessed using the urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio (3-MH/Cr). ⋯ Eating breakfast before RE can be beneficial for MPB suppression. The importance of breakfast consumption in terms of positive muscle protein balance is emphasized on sports fields.
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The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, and best cutoff point for adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) for diagnosis of sarcopenia in elderly community centers. ⋯ The APMT can be used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The optimal cutoff points for APMT are 17.63 mm for women and 18.51 mm for men in elderly communities in the Central-West Region of Brazil.
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Sarcopenic dysphagia is partly characterized by a decline in the strength of the swallowing muscles. However, its associated characteristics and symptoms are unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics and symptoms of swallowing ability associated with low tongue muscle strength, which is one of the swallowing muscles in older adults. ⋯ Patients with low tongue strength are characterized by abnormal oral and cough-related characteristics.
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The aim of this study was to develop new appendicular lean mass (ALM) prediction models based on ultrasound and anthropometric measurements. ⋯ Based on two ultrasound assessments and a few anthropometric measurements, the developed equations produced accurate and unbiased ALM estimates in the sample. Hence: 2 MTs + 2 lengths (+ 2 circumferences) = 4 limbs' muscle mass. Such models might represent promising alternatives for muscle assessment among older individuals.
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Many patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also have diabetes. However, the genetic factors associated with diabetes in NAFLD are unclear. In this study, we investigated the clinical course and risk factors of diabetes development. ⋯ Patient genetic background affected treatment response and incidence of diabetes in patients with NAFLD.