Nutrition
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Observational Study
Enteral nutrition interruptions in the intensive care unit: A prospective study.
The aim of this study was to provide insight into the causes, frequency, and periods of enteral nutrition interruption (ENI) that occur in the intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ The prevalence of unplanned ENIs in ICU patients is highest in the first 3 d of admission. The main cause of ENIs was diagnostic reasons. The ENIs resulted in an average of approximately 25% of patients failing to meet calculated caloric and protein requirements during the first 4 d of admission.
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Non-digestible oligosaccharides such as milk oligosaccharides (MOS) can regulate and influence immune function. As an example, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL; a specific human MOS) regulate immune development and functionality. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), both serious pathogens, can cause severe and life-threatening infections. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of GOS and 2'-FL on bacterial growth and on polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytosis. ⋯ The data suggests that both GOS and 2'-FL can suppress growth of serious pathogens and enhance phagocytosis.
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Weight loss after a stroke is associated with poor outcomes. However, the causes of weight loss in the acute phase of a stroke are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between acute weight changes and cachexia criteria in patients with an acute stroke. ⋯ The cachexia criteria were independently associated with acute weight loss in patients with a stroke.
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Gut-related metabolites have been linked with respiratory disease. The crosstalk between the gut and lungs suggests that gut health may be compromised in COVID-19. ⋯ As results, metabolites from this panel were impaired in patients with COVID-19 and were associated with the symptoms of breathlessness and temperature, and it was possible to differentiate between COVID-19 and asthma. Preliminary results showed that lower levels of betaine appeared to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19, suggesting betaine as a marker of gut microbiome health.
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The aim of this study was to determine the association between cytokine levels in metabolic phenotypes. Our hypothesis was that an unhealthy metabolic profile is associated to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. ⋯ These results indicated that excess weight and altered metabolic profile are related to inflammation, especially when both conditions are associated, possibly linked to visceral adiposity. Therefore, the categorization of metabolic phenotypes in populations is an important factor for prevention of chronic diseases, as inflammation is associated with cardiovascular risk and obesity is not the only influencing factor.